Avery  Architectural  and  Fine  Arts  Library 
Gift  of  Seymour  B.  Durst  Old  York  Library 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2013 


http://archive.org/details/oldhomesmadenewbOOwoll 


VIEW  IN  HALLWAY. 


OLD  HOMES  MADE  NEW: 

BEING  A 

COLLECTION    OF    PLANS,    EXTERIOR    AND    INTERIOR    VIEWS,    ILLUSTRATING    THE  ALTERATION 

AND    REMODELLING    OF    SEVERAL    SUBURBAN  RESIDENCES. 

WxWi  (Sxplanntoty  ©ext. 

By  WILLIAM  M.  WOOLLETT, 

* » 

FELLOW    OF    THE    AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    ARCHITECTS,    AUTHOR    OF    "VILLAS    AND  COTTAGES." 


New  York  : 

BICKNELL  &  COMSTOCK. 


1879. 


COPYRIGHT.    A.  J.  BICKNELL.  1878. 


PREFACE. 


HE  designs  forming  this  little  book  have  been  prepared  during  the  past  year  at  intervals  of  leisure;  some  from 
examples  that  have  been  carried  out  in  the  work,  strictly  as  represented ;  others  that  have,  although  projected, 
never,  from  different  causes,  been  carried  further  than  the  architect's  drawings.     Both  form,  nevertheless,  simple 


examples  of  what  may  be  done  in  this  branch  of  architectural  work. 

As  will  be  noted,  they  are  all  for  about  one  class  of  surburban  dwellings,  but  will  serve  to  illustrate  the  general  principles, 
which  of  course  may  be  applied  with  equal  facility  to  any  other  class  of  work. 

A  large  number  of  dwellings  are  yearly  remodelled  at  great  expense,  without  a  result  commensurate  with  the 
expenditure,  from  the  cause,  that  the  parties  so  engaged  commenced  without  any  well-formed  ideas  as  to  what  they  will  do,  and 
only  to  find  the  thing  to  do  when  it  is  necessary  that  it  should  be  done.  Working  in  this  way  is  expensive,  and  the  finished  work  is 
apt  to  possess  many  faults  both  in  construction  and  design. 

The  experience  of  the  writer  has  led  him  to  believe  that,  by  a  careful  survey  of  the  building  and  thorough  study  of  all  the 
points  involved  and  changes  contemplated,  as  complete  a  set  of  drawings  and  specifications  can  be  prepared  for  the  conduct  of 
this  class  of  work,  before  the  same  is  commenced,  as  in  the  case  of  a  new  building. 


VV.  M.  WOOLLETT, 


57  State  St.,  Albany,  N.  Y. 


Feb.  5th,  1S78. 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Frontispiece — View  of  Hallway  in  Brick  House  shown  on  Plate  19. 

1.  Plans  of  Frame  House  Before  and  After  Alteration. 

2.  Views  of  Frame  House 

3.  Interior  of  Hallway  in  Frame  House. 

4.  View  of  Brick  House  Before  Alteration. 

5.  "      "      "         "      After  " 

6.  View  of  Frame  House  Before  Alteration. 

7.  "      "      "       >  "      After  " 

8.  Plans  of  Stone  House  Before  and  After  Alteration. 

9.  View  of  Stone  House  Before  Alteration. 

10.  "      "    ,  "  "      After  " 

11.  View  of  Hallway  in  Stone  House  After  Alteration. 

12.  "      "    Dining-Room  in  Stone  House    "  " 

13.  Views  of  Frame  House  Before  and  After  Alteration. 

<i  (<  c<  it  it  11  it  11 

15.  View  of  Dining-Room  After  Alteration. 

16.  View  of  Chimney  in  Sitting-Room. 

17.  Plans  of  Brick  House  Before  and  After  Alteration. 

18.  View  of  Brick  House  Before  Alteration. 

19.  "      "      "         "      After  " 

20.  V iew  of  Sitting- Room  in  Brick  House. 

21.  Views  of  House  at  Ridgefield,  Conn. 

u  it  a  a  a  a 


[. 


N  the  following  pages  the  endeavor  will  be  to  show,  where  thought  necessary — 

First.    The  changes  to  the  plan  or  the  internal  formation  of  the  building,  with  general  reasons  for  the  same. 
Second.    The  changes  to  the  exterior,  in  which  the  endeavor  has  been  that  they  should  grow  naturally  and  directly 
from  the  plan. 

Tliird.  Some  sketches  of  the  appearance  of  the  more  important  portions  of  the  interior  as  altered  ;  it  being  now  a 
generally  acepted  belief  that  this  portion  of  the  work  should  receive  as  much  consideration  from  the  designer  as  the  exterior, 
and  that,  by  a  little  variety  in  the  grouping  and  piquancy  in  the  detail,  the  rooms  of  a  house  may  become  sources  of  enjoyment 
rather  than  places  merely  to  be  endured. 

These  designs,  while  serving  as  simple  examples  of  what  may  be  done  in  the  way  of  putting  a  new  face  and  form  on 
old  work,  may  also  serve  to  show  in  their  completed  state  what  can  be  done  dc  novo.  No  claim  of  originality  is  made  for  any 
ideas  that  may  be  expressed  in  the  text  of  this  work;  but  they  are  simply  advanced  as  the  views  held  by  the  writer,  of  things 
to  be  right  and  proper,  whether  gained  in  the  field  of  experience  or  taken  as  the  dictum  of  some  other  person. 

Whether  a  dwelling  should  be  remodelled  or  not  is  often  an  open  question,  and  it  is  safe  to  say  that  under  two  circum- 
stances only  should  this  be  done — one  in  which  the  building,  in  its  construction  and  material,  is  of  such  a  solid  and  substantial 
character  as  to  render  its  destruction  unadvisable ;  and,  again,  when,  although  perhaps  in  a  dilapidated  condition,  its  preservation 
is  in  the  highest  degree  desirable,  owing  to  the  associations  of  the  family,  its  peculiar  phase  or  style  of  architecture,  or  the  his- 
torical interest  that  may  attach  itself  to  it. 


6 


In  the  former  case  the  designer  may  feel  at  liberty  to  change  the  old  as  much  as  he  desires,  having  in  view  only  the  con- 
venience and  economy  of  the  work,  so  that  when  completed  the  structure  is  as  different  from  its  old  self  as  a  thoroughly  new 
work  would  be  ;  its  individuality  thoroughly  destroyed  or  merged  into  a  new  one. 

In  the  latter  case  everything  should  be  done  to  preserve  that  which  is  already  built  In  adding  on,  the  same  style  should 
be  employed,  and  the  same  spirit  rule ;  in  changing,  doing  away  with  as  little  as  possible  of  the  old,  so  that  we  may  feel  when 
the  work  is  complete  that  the  dwelling  is  the  same  one  that  we  have  undertaken  to  revise  and  repair:  that  none  of  its  desirable 
features  have  been  lost ;  that  it  has  been  changed  merely  enough  to  meet  the  requirements  of  a  life  quite  different  from  that  of 
its  builders,  and  braced  up  for  the  wear  and  tear  of  another  century. 

American  houses  of  any  date  are  not  very  likelv  to  possess  to  any  great  extent  those  features  which  we  deem 
desirable  to  preserve,  and  it  is  only  in  the  homes  of  colonial  times  that  we  find  'much  to  interest  or  that  is  in  itself 
meritorious.  In  this  phase  of  architecture  there  are  many  things  that  are  quaint,  interesting,  and,  in  an  artistic  light,  good.  How 
generally  this  is  believed,  is  shown  in  the  fact  that  many  of  the  new  dwellings  that  are  being  erected  at  present  are  based  on  this 
style  of  architecture,  and  are  carried  out  in  its  simple  and  beautiful  spirit.  This  is,  in  fact,  the  only  type  that  we  can  distinctly 
consider  and  call  our  own,  and  at  the  same  time  feel  any  pride  in  so  doing.  For  the  various  and  motley  crowd  of  dwellings 
that  in  the  last  thirty  years  have  been  called  into  existence  by  the  wants  of  our  people  and  climate,  and  the  taste  of  our  architects 
and  builders,  are  not  such  as  we  desire  to  preserve,  or  such  as  are  apt  to  awaken  feelings  of  admiration  or  pleasure. 

The  writer  believes  that  the  same  general  principles  that  would  apply  to  new  work,  in  this  class  of  buildings,  will  apply 
equally  to  the  work  of  alterations. 

First.  That  the  convenience  of  the  plan,  its  best  distribution  and  adaptation  to  the  wants  of  the  particular  individuals 
by  whom  it  is  to  be  occupied,  and  the  site  on  which  it  is  to  be  placed,  should  in  all  cases  be  the  paramount  consideration  ;  and 
to  this  the  designer  should  give  his  entire  attention  until  he  feels  that  he  has  satisfied  thoroughly  these  requirements. 

Second.    That  the  exterior  should  grow  naturally  from  the  plan,  its  outline  being  fixed  and  determined  by  that ;  and 


7 


whether  it  shall  possess  qualities,  worthy  of  admiration  or  pleasure  in  general,  depends  upon  the  skill  of  the  designer;  that  it 
should  also  be  a  consistent  following  out  of  the  proper  and  natural  uses  of  the  materials  of  which  it  is  built ;  each  material  being 
fully  acknowledged. 

Third.  That  the  architectural  effect  should  be  obtained  by  the  natural  combinations  and  workings  of  the  constructive 
portions  of  the  structure,  and  not  by  the  adding  or  planting  on  of  these  features ;  and  again  by  the  natural  variety  of  the  outline 
rather  than  by  the  richness  and  variety  of  the  detail. 

Fourth.  That  the  proportionately  greatest  work  of  art  in  architecture  is  that  which  produces  the  most  effective  results  at 
the  least  expenditure  of  labor  and  detail  in  design,  which,  in  the  practical  mind  of  the  American,  is  also  money. 

The  writer  would  not  even  suggest  that  the  few  designs  in  this  book  can  be  judged  by  the  above  expressions  in  all  their 
parts,  but  is  willing  to  acknowledge  that  he  believes,  just  as  far  as  they  fall  below  it,  just  so  far  do  they  fail  of  being  what  they 
might  be  and  what  is  right.  But  whether  this  is  always  the  fault  of  the  designer,  or  mayhap  sometimes  in  a  measure  due  to  the 
client,  is  an  open  question. 


II. 


Y  the  diagram  on  the  right  of  Plate  i  will  be  seen  the  plan  of  a  rectangular  house,  perfectly  comn  onplace  in  its  divi- 
sions, and  withal  quite  comfortable.    It  faces  the  east,  and  the  sitting-room  and  dining-room  occupy,  as  they  should, 
the  sunny  side  of  the  house.    A  hallway  of  the  ordinary  width  in  the  centre,  with  parlor,  kitchen,  etc.,  on  the  north. 
Its  exterior,  as  constituted  before  alteration,  is  shown  on  Plate  2. 

The  problem  laid  before  the  architect  for  his  solution,  was  to  increase  the  size  of  the  hallway  and  staircase  so  as  to  form 
an  elegant  and  attractive  entrance  ;  this  to  be  done  without  materially  decreasing  the  size  of  the  adjoining  rooms ;  finishing 
these  rooms  in  a  manner  to  harmonize  with  the  increased  dignity  of  the  entrance  ;  the  changing  of  the  exterior  so  as  to  blot  out 
all  remembrance  of  the  original  dwelling.  So  radical  a  change  would  only  be  desirable  where  the  building  as  constituted  is  both 
well-built  and  in  a  state  of  good  preservation.  The  diagram  on  the  left  of  Plate  i  shows  the  plan  proposed  for  the  alterations, 
the  parts  shown  dark  being  the  old  work  undisturbed,  that  scored  light  being  the  new  or  changed  work. 

The  partition  dividing  the  hall  from  sitting-room  and  parlor  have  each  been  moved  further  apart,  so  that  the  entrance 
hallway  is  some  sixteen  feet  wide.  This  is  an  extreme  width,  especially  in  a  house  of  this  character.  But  the  hallway,  in  the 
writer's  opinion,  should  be  as  elegant  and  attractive  as  any  room  in  the  house.  First  impressions  are  apt  to  be  most  lasting,  so 
that  those  made  on  entering  a  house  should  be  such  as  not  to  do  injustice  to  the  other  surroundings.  No  parlor,  however  large 
and  elegant,  will  make  one  forget  the  cramped  hall  and  staircase  that  one  is  sometimes  compelled  to  pass  in  entering  it.  There 
is  a  breadth  and  freedom  which  a  large  hall  gives  that  will  carry  itself  into  smaller  rooms  adjoining.  Pictures  should  adorn  a 
hall ;  it  should  be  moderately  lighted  and  well-aired  ;  it  should  have  an  open  fire-place,  comfortable  seats,  and  its  principal  feature, 


9 


the  staircase,  should  be  one  of  beauty.  Plate  3  gives  a  view  of  this  hallway  after  the  change  has  been  complete.  To  the  right  in 
the  angle  is  set  a  fire-place,  open  for  wood  and  coal,  with  mantel  of  wood  and  picture  set  in  wood  frame  above.  To  the  left  the 
angle  is  splayed  in  a  similar  manner ;  a  settle  fills  this  corner,  and  above  is  a  stationary  cabinet  for  curiosities,  pottery,  bric-a-brac, 
etc.  The  other  angles  are  treated  in  a  similar  manner,  useful  as  closets  for  cloaks,  etc.,  etc.  Thus  the  room  has  the  general  form 
of  an  octagon.  The  new  staircase,  with  square  landing  and  return  flight,  is  shown  beyond,  its  principal  light  being  received 
through  the  open  well.  The  second  story  forms  a  gallery  on  all  sides  of  this  part  of  the  hall. 
The  staircase  is  in  hard  wood,  the  floors  being  the  same — all  without  carpet. 

In  this  interior  the  endeavor  of  the  designer  has  been  to  gain  whatever  effect  there  may  be,  not  through  elaborate  work 
or  carving,  but  in  the  variety  in  forms  and  outline;  the  detail  in  this  and  other  designs  being  kept  simple  and  subservient. 

While  the  size  of  the  hallway  has  been  increased  in  order  to  make  it  an  entrance  worthy  of  a  generous  house,  the  parlor 
and  sitting-room  have  become  too  small  for  their  required  use.  To  remedy  this,  at  the  south  end  of  sitting-room  is  formed  a 
canted  or  bowed  front,  with  windows  in  three  directions,  thus  quite  recovering  the  lost  space  and  increasing  the  attractiveness  of 
the  room.  The  parlor  is  extended  to  the  front  with  bowed  end,  and  thus  admits  some  of  the  southern  sun  into  the  room,  while 
a  piazza  is  placed  across  the  remainder  of  the  house  front. 

From  the  plan,  the  exterior  should  grow  as  naturally  as  the  plant  from  the  seed.  Plate  2.  We  raise  a  portion  of  the  roof 
at  a  different  angle,  throwing  the  ridge-line  out  from  the  centre  of  the  building.  The  canted  bay  on  the  south  is  carried  above  the 
roof,  and  by  completing  the  full  octagon  is  made  the  prominent  feature  of  the  building ;  while  that  in  the  parlor  is  kept  subser- 
vient and  carried  but  the  height  of  one  story. 

On  the  completion  of  this  part  of  the  work,  the  most  difficult  portion  begins — to  so  tint  the  exterior  that  whatever  char- 
acter it  may  possess  shall  not  be  lost,  but  rather  increased  ;  that  the  colors  and  combinations  that  are  used  may  harmonize  and 
fall  in  with  surrounding  nature.  What  this  should  be  cannot  be  shown  here,  and  can  only  be  determined  by  locations  and  sur- 
roundings, all  knowing  that  the  days  of  white  paint  and  green  blinds  have  passed. 


III. 


HE  dwelling,  a  view  of  which  is  given  on  Plate  4,  was  built  in  18 12.  It  is  situated  on  the  corner  of  streets  in  an 
inland  city,  with  garden  at  side  and  rear.  More  sleeping  apartments  were  required,  and  the  desire  was  to  change 
the  general  external  character  of  the  building  without  interfering  with  its  construction  in  the  main.  The  simplest  way 
of  obtaining  the  required  apartments  in  the  attic  gave  good  utilitarian  reasons  for  putting  on  the  new  roof.  The  client  desired 
a  "  French  roof,"  but  the  views  of  the  client  were  met  and  our  own  sense  of  right  saved  from  outrage  by  the  roof  shown  on 
Plate  5.  The  roof  is  one  of  the  most  important  features  of  the  building,  and  is  one  of  the  few  means  at  the  disposal 
ot  the  designer,  by  which  he  is  enabled  to  remove  a  rectangular  structure  from  the  commonly  expressed  likeness  to  a 
"  box.'  In  this  roof  the  endeavor  has  been  to  give  variety  in  sky-line  consistent  with  good  construction,  and  without  having  its 
features  so  numerous  as  to  belittle  it  or  detract  from  its  dignity. 

The  windows  are  enlarged  with  new  caps,  sills  and  sash  ;  a  bay  window  placed  over  the  entrance  doorway  at  the  end  of 
second  story  hallway,  and  another  on  the  side  projecting  from  the  dining-room.  These  changes  give  quite  a  different  appearance 
to  the  building,  and  are  all  countenanced  by  utility  and  the  increased  comfort  of  the  interior.  Where  wood  has  been  used  in  the 
gables,  cornices  and  dormers,  the  material  is  fully  acknowledged,  and  its  forms  and  details  are  those  of  wood  construction. 


10 


1 


IV. 


HE  not  very  attractive-looking  structure  shown  on  Plate  6  was  in  first-class  condition,  as  regards  its  construction 
and  materials,  and  was  withal  a  good,  comfortable  house  in  which  to  live ;  large,  airy  rooms  with  open  fire-place  in 
each,  and  a  good,  generous  hall.  The  wish  to  slightly  improve  its  appearance  without  destroying  the  date  and 
character  of  the  building,  resulted  in  the  sketch  shown.  A  piazza  added  on  the  side ;  a  projection  from  the  first  floor  on 
the  right  with  bowed  front,  which  is  corbeled  to  square  form  on  the  second  story,  and  thence  breaks  the  roof  with  gable  ; 
portions  of  the  end  gables  are  projected,  forming  canopies  over  balconies  from  the  attic  floor  ;  a  new  porch  is  added  on  the  front, 
with  side  return  steps  to  decrease  the  apparent  height  to  the  entrance;  new  sash  in  one  light  of  glass  are  introduced  in  the  lower 
part  of  the  window,  where  alone  utility  requires  them,  leaving  those  above  in  the  smaller  lights. 

The  means  adopted  for  these  changes  are  simple,  not  expensive,  and  interfere  but  little  with  the  existing  work.  Whether 
the  results  are  commensurate  with  the  means  employed,  the  reader  must  judge. 

That  alteration  of  a  structure  is  apt  to  be  most  successful  (especially  in  a  financial  view)  which  has  the  least  to  do  with 
tearing  away  and  changing  the  existing  parts,  but  consists  mainly  in  the  adding  on  here  and  there  of  parts  to  "  bring  out,"  as  it 
were,  the  original.    This  is  what  has  been  attempted  in  this  case. 


\ 

1 1 


V. 


LOW  stone  house,  such  as  was  frequently  built  during  the  early  part  of  the  century  in  the  country  villages  of  this  and 
other  States.  This  house  was  constructed  in  a  good  and  thorough  manner,  and  to-day  stands  firm  and  solid,  notwith- 
standing the  wear  and  tear  of  half  a  century.  The  stone-work  has  a  rich,  mellow  tint,  and  the  whole  forms  a  not 
unpleasing  picture,  although  in  no  way  removed  from  the  ordinary.  It  was  the  desire  to  so  change  its  outward  appearance, 
that  while  retaining  all  that  was  good  and  beautiful,  that  which  was  of  no  value  in  the  design  might  be  done  away  with, 
and  have  its  place  taken  by  that  which  would  tend  to  add  to  the  character  and  picturesqueness  of  the  building.  The  interior  it 
was  desired  to  change  so  as  to  give,  at  the  least  possible  destruction  of  the  old,  a  house  finished  more  in  accord  with  the  owner's 
ideas  and  the  present  views  prevalent  in  regard  to  the  same.  This  was  to  be  distinctly  a  change  for  the  more  aesthetic  qualities, 
and  not  for  increased  amount  of  house-room. 

Plate  8  shows  the  plan  of  the  house  as  originally  built.  A  hallway  eight  feet  in  width,  with  straight  staircase  against  the 
outer  wall,  and  from  which  doors  led  into  the  parlor  in  front  and  dining-room  in  the  rear — the  kitchen,  etc.,  being  placed  further 
still  in  the  rear.  What  is  specially  peculiar  about  this  arrangement  is  that  the  house,  facing  the  east,  the  hallway  occupied  the 
south  side;  the  best  portion — parlor  and  dining-room — being  on  the  north.  In  the  solution  of  this  problem,  the  main  feature  that 
engaged  the  architect's  attention  to  increase  the  cheerfulness  and  attractiveness  of  the  interior,  was  to  get  some  value  of  the 
sunlight  and  the  view  (which  happened  to  be  the  best  from  the  south),  and  in  arranging  the  plan  this  has  been  the  leading  idea. 

The  partition  between  the  parlor  and  hallway  has  been  moved  and  reset  some  five  feet  further  north,  making  the  parlor 
that  amount  shorter,  and  at  the  same  time  bringing  the  fire-place  into  the  corner  of  the  hall.    This  gives  a  hallway  some 


13 


thirteen  feet  in  width.  The  old  staircase  was  removed  as  shown  (  Plate  u),  and  from  its  landing  a  circular  bay  on  the  exterior, 
carried  up  to  form  a  feature  of  the  house,  gathers  the  light  from  three  sides  into  this  room,  and  with  a  well-upholstered  settle 
at  the  foot  of  the  stairs  forms  a  pleasant  lounging-place.  The  narrow  hall  becomes  an  ample  reception  room,  by  far  the 
pleasantest  in  the  house. 

While  we  have  been  enlarging  the  hall  and  endeavoring  to  make  it  an  attractive  apartment,  the  parlor  has  been  so 
compressed  in  size  as  to  leave  it  too  small  for  use;  to  overcome  this,  the  end  has  been  treated  in  the  form  of  a  semi-octagon, 
cutting  out  the  wall  and  building  up  as  shown,  with  windows  on  the  two  splay  sides  and  a  fire-place  in  the  centre,  to  take  the 
place  of  the  one  moved  from  the  parlor  into  the  hall. 

The  features  of  this  end  of  the  parlor  would  not  then  be  greatly  different  from  those  shown  on  Plate  20,  although  in 
the  one  shown  the  apartment  is  much  larger,  higher,  and  the  detail  more  elaborate  than  was  used  in  this  case ;  the  grouping 
of  the  chimney,  windows,  etc.,  being  similar. 

The  dining-room  (Plate  12)  shows  a  plain,  simple  room,  with  chimney  in  the  corner,  and  by  forming  a  stationary  side- 
board or  cupboard  in  the  opposite  angle  of  the  room,  the  doorway  entering  into  parlor  forms  a  central  feature  between  them  : 
the  woodwork  of  the  original  room  retained,  and  the  new  work  added  is  made  to  harmonize  with  the  same. 

Plate  10  shows  the  exterior.  The  semi-circular  bay  is  carried  up  one  story  in  stone,  the  remainder  in  wood,  shingled 
and  above  the  roof  of  the  house,  completes  the  full  circle,  and  is  crowned  with  a  conical  roof ;  the  deck  of  the  roof  removed 
and  hip  lines  carried  up  to  form  a  ridge;  cornices  formed  with  wide,  shadowy  projections,  and  the  windows  of  the  second  story 
cut  through  the  roof-line,  giving  greater  height.    By  the  heightening  of  the  roof  ample  servants'  rooms  are  gained  in  the  attic. 


VI. 


E  have  before  us  (Plate  13)  one  of  those  dwellings  so  common  throughout  our  country  a  few  years  ago,  modelled  in 
outward  form  and  detail  on  that  of  the  Greek  temple,  with  the  ungainly  columns  of  wood  forming  quite  a  travesty 
on  the  originals,  from  which,  when  built,  they  were  supposed  to  partake,  in  the  artistic  element  at  least.  The  idea 
of  modelling  our  house  on  the  general  design  of  such  a  building  is  certainly  open  to  serious  objection,  but  when  the  model  is 
in  wood  for  the  copying  of  a  stone  architecture,  the  thing  becomes  objectionable  in  every  point.  Wood  has  its  own  certain 
recognized  characteristics  and  forms  in  which  it  may  be  legitimately  used,  and  these  are  so  numerous  that  there  is  no  necessity 
to  encroach  on  those  more  suitable  to  another  material,  in  order  to  produce  a  satisfactory  result.  This  dwelling,  being  a  frame 
one,  the  endeavor  in  its  change  has  been  to  give  it  a  form  and  characteristics  in  outline  and  detail,  essentially  those  of  a  wooden 
structure.  The  desire  on  the  part  of  the  client  was  that  the  appearance  of  the  structure  should  be  changed  and  rooms 
provided  in  the  roof,  leaving  the  plan  of  the  building  as  nearly  as  possible  intact,  and  with  as  little  change  to  the  existing  as 
possible.  No  plan  has  been  shown  with  this,  as  not  important  to  the  problem,  but  if  the  reader  will  carefully  examine  the  two 
exteriors  he  will  see  that  with  the  removal  of  the  large  columns  and  veranda,  the  plan  or  outline  of  the  building  is  essentially 
the  same,  the  existing  roof  being  removed  and  one  with  greater  pitch-gables,  etc.,  formed  as  shown.  These  gables  naturally 
arise  from  the  plan,  and  that  the  symmetry  of  the  front  may  not  be  destroyed,  the  depression  on  one  wing  is  raised  and  on  the 
other  remains  as  in  the  original.  These,  with  the  dormers  and  chimneys,  give  a  sufficiently  broken  appearance  to  the  sky-line. 
The  lower  veranda  on  the  front  takes  the  place  of  the  one  removed,  allowing  the  light  to  have  free  access  to  the  second-story 
windows.    This  dwelling  is  the  residence  of  Rev.  Dr.  Welch,  Schenectady,  N.  Y. 


14 


VII. 


LOW,  one-story  gabled  cottage  may  be  viewed  on  the  left  of  Plate  14.  A  second  story  was  desired,  that  the  accom- 
modations of  the  house  might  thereby  be  increased.  It  was  a  known  fact  that  the  construction  of  the  lower 
part  would  not  bear  the  increased  weight  of  the  second  story.  It  was,  therefore,  determined  to  erect  piers,  and  on  these 
stand  the  main  posts  of  the  new  structure,  placing  them  on  the  outside  of  the  existing  building,  and  thus  erect  the  second 
story  on  foundations  and  supports  of  its  own.  Its  own  floor  timbers,  extending  the  full  width  of  the  building,  were  hung  by 
partitions  in  the  centre  to  the  roof,  so  that  not  a  pound  of  extra  weight  was  necessarily  placed  on  the  old  wood  work.  In  order  that 
the  exposed  posts  might  add  as  much  as  possible  to  the  effect,  other  parts  of  the  building's  framework  were  exposed,  the  spaces 
being  filled  in  with  boarding  and  shingles,  giving  the  whole  a  very  substantial  look. 

This  change  was  carried  out  in  such  a  manner  that  the  old  roofs  were  not  removed  until  the  new  one  was  complete,  and 
the  second-story  floor  placed  without  any  disturbance  to  the  ceiling  below.  These  are  the  practical  or  mechanical  notes  of  this 
problem  ;  as  to  its  artistic  solution,  the  two  views  will  enable  the  reader  to  form  his  own  judgment. 

This  dwelling  is  the  residence  of  Geo.  L.  Steadman,  Esq.,  at  Loudonville,  near  Albany,  N.  Y. 


VIII. 


HIS  room  (Plate  15)  before  alteration  was  a  plain  rectangular  one,  with  coupled  windows  at  the  end,  as  shown.  The 
desire  was  to  finish  and  furnish  it  with  more  pretension  and  comfort,  and  (if  so  fortunate)' with  more  taste  than 
formerly.  The  manner  of  doing  this  turned  mainly  on  the  position  of  the  fire-place.  There  being  none  in  the 
room,  objections  being  found  to  every  other  location,  the  angle  next  the  window  was  finally  determined  upon,  and  there  the 
sketch  shows  it  located.  To  balance  this  and  economize  the  room  as  much  as  possible,  the  side-board  or  buffet  was  built  as  a 
stationary  article  in  the  other  angle,  making  the  room  bowed  as  to  its  end  ;  the  frieze  about  the  room  treated  in  oil  color,  a 
naturalistic  pattern  on  a  stippled  and  powdered  ground  ;  the  wood-work  of  cherry,  the  mantle  at  fire-place  simple  and  of  the  same 
wood,  while  the  lining  and  facing  about  the  fire-place  were  in  marble ;  the  continuation  of  the  frieze  over  the  mantel,  window  and 
buffet,  treated  in  encaustic  tiling  in  bright  colors,  the  window-head  above  the  plain  glass  filled  with  antique  and  cathedral  glass 
worked  into  a  mosaic,  representing  naturalistic  subjects ;  the  floor  laid  in  hard-wood  battens,  and  dado  formed  of  matting 
stretched  tightly  to  the  walls,  the  base  and  cap  being  of  wood. 


16 


IX. 


HIS  sitting-room,  as  shown  on  Plate  16,  is  supposed  to  be  altered  from  an  ordinary  room.  The  main  feature  is  the  fire- 
place, which,  in  its  massiveness,  is  patterned  somewhat  after  those  of  our  fathers,  in  which  the  enormous  back-log  burnt 
with  a  cheerful  glow,  and  about  whose  ample  opening  a  whole  family  could  gather.    The  fire-place  proper  is  within 


the  main  opening,  and  is  flanked  on  each  side  with  the  two  small  windows  indicated,  filled  with  colored  glass.  Two  settles 
or  seats  flank  the  fire,  and  where  these  project  beyond  the  chimney-line  their  backs  form  simple  cases  for  books,  etc.  The 
whole  of  the  work  about  this  chimney  is  in  pressed  brick  of  two  colors  and  of  cut  stone,  and  the  panels  formed  near  the  ceiling 
are  of  tile.  Tiles  can  be  obtained  with  plain  tinted  grounds,  and  the  interest  is  added  to,  in  a  work  of  this  kind,  where  some 
member  of  the  household,  endowed  with  a  taste  for  the  artistic,  decorates  these  with  such  subjects  as  would  interest  the  beholders. 
Naturalistic  subjects,  such  as  flowers,  plants  or  fruit,  are  of  that  simple  character  that  many  who  are  slightly  accomplished  in  the 
art  could  produce  them,  under  proper  guidance,  in  a  very  acceptable  manner.  Some  such  treatment  as  this  gives  to  the  family  a 
personal  interest  in  the  work,  and  they  are  apt  to  enjoy  that  which  is  bought  by  the  labor  and  skill  of  one  of  their  number  much 
more  than  they  would  a  better  thing  purchased  as  the  work  of  another.  A  little  time  spent  in  this  way,  properly  directed,  will 
add  value  to  such  works  as  these,  and  give  our  rooms  an  individuality  of  their  own. 

We  have  here  exposed  the  timbers  in  the  ceiling  (boards  between  same  not  shown  in  plate).  The  fittings,  furniture 
and  decorations  of  the  room  are  simple  and  plain,  to  harmonize  with  the  simplicity  and  mass  of  the  chimney,  which  is  made  the 
main  feature  of  the  room,  and  to  which  all  others  are  subservient. 


'7 


X. 


ECTANGULAR  houses  seem  to  be  quite  numerous  among  the  erections  of  former  days,  and  it  was  a  good  common- 
sense  that,  with  an  eye  to  comfort  and  economy  (if  blind  to  beauty)  housed  itself  in  these  boxes.  It  has  been  the 
writer's  endeavor,  where  he  has  been  engaged  in  a  structure  of  this  kind,  not  to  destroy  this  form  in  the  plan  so  much 
out  that  it  might  be  left  as  comfortable  as  found,  trusting  mainly  in  the  effect  obtained  to  that  most  important  feature,  and  in 
the  hands  of  the  architect  without  limit  to  the  facilities  it  may  give  in  design,  the  roof. 

This  house  (Plates  17,  18,  and  19),  coming  into  client's  possession  by  purchase,  was  found  to  be  a  substantial  brick  edifice. 
The  plan  was  modified  so  as  to  present  an  attractive  home  for  a  small  family.  As  will  b'e  seen  in  the  altered  plan,  the  parlor  has 
been  dispensed  with  as  an  unnecessary  part  of  the  occupants'  life.  The  sitting-room,  formed  on  the  left  of  the  hallway  with  a  bay 
at  end  and  a  fire-place  in  the  centre  of  the  same  (Plate  20),  answers  its  own  purpose  and  that  of  a  parlor  also.  In  this  room  the  bay 
window  and  chimney  are  the  central  features ;  a  simple  mantel  of  wood,  the  chimney  built  up  with  a  face  of  pressed  brick  and 
stone,  and  above  the  mantel  a  large  panel  formed,  in  which  is  set  a  pictorial  piece  in  encaustic  tile.  Settles  at  each  window  on  the 
angle  afford  pleasant  seats  on  which  to  doze  before  the  fire.  The  opening  from  the  room  to  the  bay  is  marked  by  the  horizontal 
screen  coming  below  the  ceiling,  braced,  and  filled  in  with  mosaic  of  tinted  glass  in  appropriate  domestic  subjects.  This  use  of 
tinted  glass  in  the  rooms  that  are  daily  occupied  is  one  of  the  least  expensive  and  most  beautiful  means  of  decoration. 

The  beams  in  the  ceiling,  being  exposed  and  boarded  between;  a  frieze  and  dado  are  formed  of  wood,  in  which  the  battens 
composing  the  same  are  arranged  in  irregular  patterns,  relying  for  effect  on  the  various  grain  of  the  wood,  which  can  always  be 
enhanced  by  care  in  selection  on  the  part  of  those  performing  the  work. 


\ 


l9 

The  hallway  is  shown  on  frontispiece.  In  the  original  house  the  stairway  was  narrow  and  enclosed.  This  we  have 
removed  and  have  introduced  a  new  staircase  in  hard  wood,  with  fire-place  and  settle  at  the  foot  of  same,  and  at  the  end  of 
settle  the  old  hall-clock.  The  upper  portion  of  this  fire-place  has  the  brick-work  exposed  ;  the  lower  portion  being  encased  for 
mirrors,  <xc,  and  above  the  main  mirror  a  small  sconce  mirror.  As  will  be  noticed,  the  doorways  into  the  principal  rooms 
from  this  hall  are  without  doors;  a  curtain  of  heavy  material  hung  to  a  rod,  with  rings,  forms  a  means  of  shutting  the  room 
from  the  gaze  of  the  curious,  when  desirable.  The  end  of  the  main  hallway  is  marked  and  divided  from  the  staircase  by  a 
newel  column,  bracketed  each  way. 

On  the  exterior,  the  plan  being  rectangular,  the  effort  to  overcome  this  has  been  made  by  the  breaking  up  of  the 
features  of  the  roof,  and  in  conjunction  with  the  brickwork,  wood  and  shingle  work  have  been  freely  introduced,  giving  variety 
and  piquancy. 

The  introduction  of  new  piazzas  on  the  front  and  rear  give  breadth  to  the  exterior.  A  bay  at  the  end  of  hallway  over 
the  piazza  and  balcony  formed  in  front  of  same  ;  and  balcony  canopied,  again  corbeled  out  over  the  bay,  help  to  remove  this 
centre  gable  from  the  ordinary.  The  chimney  at  the  end  of  the  bay  is  carried  up  full  height  with  a  portion  of  the  gable  on  the 
side  brought  out  to  meet  and  support  it,  supplying  at  the  same  time  a  cover  to  the  balcony  over  the  bay. 


XI. 


ME  views  iii  the  preceding  part  of  this  book  are  photolithographs  direct  from  the  drawings  prepared  for  this  book;  but 
Plates  21  and  22  show  the  work  by  heliotype  process,  direct  from  the  building  itself,  which,  while  giving  us  the  form 
and  detail  as  the  others  do,  produces  that  natural  effect  which  a  pen-and-ink  drawing  cannot  give.  This  remodelled 
residence  is  in  Ridgefield,  Conn.,  and  from  the  views  given  a  very  satisfactory  idea  may  be  formed  of  the  changes  made.  Like 
some  of  the  other  alterations  shown  in  this  work,  the  exterior  has  been  changed  mainly  by  the  addition  of  features  whose  first 
requirement  was  in  the  plan,  and  without  any  greater  disturbance  of  the  old  than  was  necessary. 

The  semi-octagon  bay  which  forms  an  octagon  tower  above  the  roof,  opens  into  a  large  hallway  or  reception  room,  at  the 
end  oi  which  a  staircase  ascends  to  the  second  floor,  and  a  large  chimney  stands  with  an  open  fire-place  directly  opposite  the  entrance 
door.  The  semi-circular  bay  towards  the  rear  of  the  second  floor  opens  into  the  stair  landing,  and  is  a  feature  both  pleasing  and 
effective  from  the  interior.  A  new  piazza  is  placed  on  the  front  and  a  bay  window  from  the  second  story  on  the  front,  with 
a  balcony  formed  about  the  same,  is  corbeled  out  to  rectangular  form,  and  has  its  gable  running  into  the  roof. 

The  form  of  the  gambrel  roof  has  been  retained,  and  the  woodwork  that  has  been  shown  to  a  great  extent  in  conjunction 
with  the  brick,  has  been  in  every  case  carefully  acknowledged. 

The  changes  in  the  interior,  although  not  shown  here,  are  of  as  much  import  as  those  of  the  exterior.  Hardwood  floors  in 
the  principal  room  in  neat  patterns  of  maple  and  cherry  ;  the  hallways  and  staircase  are  fitted  up  in  cherry,  with  a  sparing  use 
of  subject-painted  tiles  and  stained  glass  ;  the  dining-room  in  white  ash,  and  the  parlor  in  white  holly  and  butternut.  This 
dwelling  is  the  summer  residence  of  J.  Howard  King,  Esq.,  of  Albany. 


20 


VIEW  BEFORE  ALTERATION. 


VIEW  AFTER  ALTERATION. 


VIEW  BEFORE  ALTERATION. 


5- 


VIEW  AFTER  ALTERATION. 


VIEW  AFTER  ALTERATION. 


9 


VIEW  AFTER  ALTERATION 


VIEW  BEFORE  ALTERATION. 


VIEW  AFTER  ALTERATION. 


VIEW  BEFORE  ALTERATION. 


VIEW  AFTER  ALTERATION. 


INTERIOR  OF  DINING  ROOM. 


♦ 


FIREPLACE  IN  SITTING  ROOM. 


'  P m^aiPJ^L «  FLOOF^ « BE  FO^E « 


20. 


INTERIOR  OF  SITTING  ROOM. 


SOUTH-EAST  VIEW  OF  RESIDENCE,  RIDGEFIELD,  CONK 


22 


NORTH-EAST  VIEW  OF  RESIDENCE,  RIDGEFIELD,  CONN. 


Established]    WARREN  WARD  &  CO.,  [isso 


No.  :s.-yUEEN  ANNE  SIDEBOARD 


No.  35. — BLACK  WALNUT  BUREAU  SUITE. 

Manufacturers,  Wholesale  and  Retail  Dealers  in  all  kinds  of 


NEWEL. 


ARTISTIC  FURNITURE,  DECORATIONS,  BEDDING,  &c 

75  &  77  SPRING  STREET,  CORNER  CROSBY, 

FfxCtL°dS  tZuJ%  ^oVTihfA.  f        One  block  E.  of  Broadway,  faet.  St.  Nicholas  &  Metropolitan  Hotels.  ISTE  W  YORK 

Illustrated  Pi  ice  List  mailed  to  any  address  on  application. 


ZERO    REFRIGERATOR,  THE  GOTHIC  FURNACE. 


IMPORTANT  TO  HOUSEKEEPERS. 


THE 

Best  Method  of  Keeping 
Food  and  Ice  is  by 
the  Use  of  the 

Zero  Refrigerator. 

Premiums  given  by  the 

American  Institute, 
1867,   1869,  1871,  1875, 
1876,  1878. 


The  Highest  Award 
given  by  the 
New  England  Agricultu- 
ral Society, 
1870  and  1878. 

 °5&  

36,000  in  Use. 

Report  of  the  Centennial  Exhibition  on  the  ZERO  REFRIGERATOR. 

*'  ist.  Beauty  of  design  and  excellent  workmanship  ;  2d.  Absence  of  all  communication  between  the 
ice  and  provision  chambers;  3d.  Absence  of  moisture  on  the  in  ide  lining;  4th.  Impossibility  of  c<  ntact  of 
hot  air  with  the  ice  ;  5th.  The  condensation  of  moisture  on  the  cold  surface  of  the  ice  box;  6.  Economy 
of  ice  and  uniformity  of  temperature;  7th.  The  filling  of  the  refrigerator  with  cork,  which  is  a  non- 
conductor cleanly  and  odorless." 

A.  T.  GoSHOBK,  Director  Gen.  J.  R.  HAWLEY,  President. 

/.'  /.'  FRIG  Eli  A  TO  II  TEST  I  MO  NT  A  L . 
"Your  Zero  Refrigerator  combines,  in  my  judgment,  the  qualities  of  a  first-class  preerver  of  meats, 
fruits  and  vegetables,  and  more  perfectly  than  any  other  arrangement  within  my  knowledge.  I  am  free  to 
say  from  an  extended  observation  of  various  designs  and  pattens,  1  know  none  which  for  all  ordinary  pur- 
poses compares  with  the  Zero  Refrigerator  you  manufacture."— Hon.  C.  C.  Cox,  M.D.,  LL.D.,late  Pres't 
Board  of  Health  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  Washington  ;  one  of  the  Judges  of  Awards,  Centen'l  Expos'n. 


For  Warming  Public  and  Private  Buildings. 
WITH  SHAKING  AND  DUMPING  GKATE, 

Combines  many  improvements  in  heating,  and  after  eighteen  years  of  trial  stands  unrivalled  in  Heating 
Capacity,  Simplicity,  Ease  of  Management,  Economy,  Durability  and  Purity  of  Air. 

It  was  awarded  Premiums  by  the  American  Institute,  i86^ — :8;C — 1878. 


These  Furnaces  are  arranged  to  use 
Hard  and  Soft  Coal,  also  Wood. 


This  Heater  overcomes  the  usual  objection  given 
to  Hot  Air  Furnaces,  viz.:  Red  Hot  Surfaces  and 
Burnt  A  ir.  No  part  of  the  radiating  surface  except 
the  fire-pot  can  become  red  hot,  and  this  can  be  ar- 
ranged so  that  the  air  need  not  touch  the  fire -pot. 

SIMPLICITY  IN  CONSTRUCTION 

is  attained  over  any  other  Heater  in  use.  There 
are  only  five  joints  to  the  Furnace,  and  these  joints 
are  not  bolted  together,  but  are  sand  joints,,  giving 
room  for  expansion  and  contraction,  without  dan- 
ger of  the  castings  breaking  and  of  the  gas  escaping. 

IMMENSE  HEATING  SUKFACE. 

The  corrugated  Dome  and  serpentine  Radiators 
offer  unusually  large  surfaces  for  the  air  to  become 
heated,  rendering  the  Furnace  very  econom  cal  in 
its  consumption  of  fuel,  thereby  giving  a  mild  and 
pleasant  heat  to  the  air. 

EASE  OE  MANAGEMENT. 

The  most  stupid  servant  can  manage  it.  The 
grate  is  shaking  and  dumping,  and  can  be  worked 
with  perfect  ease.  There  are  no  direct  draft  damp- 
ers, which  are  usually  hard  to  understand — the  fire 
is  obliged  to  pass  over  the  entire  surface  of  the 
castings  before  it  passes  into  the  flue — consequently 
no  heat  is  wasted. 

FURNACE  TESTIMONIALS, 

"  We  have  used  your  Gothic  Furnace  for  seventeen  years  with  perfect  satisfaction." — Mrs.  Cornelius 
Lawrence,  Bay  Side,  Long  Island. 

"  I  consider  your  Gothic  Furnace  superior  to  any  other  heating  apparatus  in  use.  I  have  dispensed 
with  steam  heating,  which  cost  nearly  $5,000  to  warm  my  house,  for  one  of  your  No.  12  Furnaces." — David 
Groesbeck,  SufTern,  N.  Y.    Banker,  15  Wall  St.,  N.  Y. 

"  One  of  your  Furnaces  warms  our  large  store,  which  ts  50x125  feet,  to  our  satisfaction." — Baldwin 
Clothier,  cor.  Broadway  and  Canal  St.,  N.  Y. 


A  Liberal  Discount  allowed  to  Schools  and  Churches.   Send  for  Catalogue. 


ALEXANDER  M.  LESLEY,  M  ANUF'r,    Booth's  Theatre  Building,  cor.  23d  St.    372  6TH  AVE.,  N.  Y. 


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Metallic  Shingles 


MAKE  THE 


CktHt  Fire-ProDl  Mm. 


77i<?  nearest  perfect  of  any  roof  now  in  the  market,  Lif/ht, 
Ornamental  and  Durable.  Can  be  laid  by  any  carpenter.  About 
one-fourth  the  weight  of  date.  Cannot  be  broken  by  frost  or  otherwise. 
Not  affected  by  expansion  or  contraction.  Requires  no  repairs.  Easily 
transported.  Samples  at  our  New  York  Office,  and  Bicknell  &  Comstock's 
Office,  27  Warren  Street. 


PRICES:— For  Painted.  $(i.50  per  square;  for  Calamined,  $8.50  per  square. 


THE  CALAMINED    SHINGLE  WILL  STAND  ANY  EXPOSURE  WITHOUT  PAINTING. 


Send  for  Circular  with  full  Descriptions  and  Discounts. 


P.  O.  Box  2528,  New  York  City. 


MMUMYVUM  •••• 

NEW  YORK  CITY, 


NEW  YORK 


NEW  AND  STANDARD  BOOKS 


OTxr 


ARCHITECTURE. 


SENT  FREE  BY  MAIL  OR  EXPRESS  ON  RECEIPT  OF  PRICE. 


Ames' Alphabets   50 

Atwood's  Modern  American  Homesteads   2  50 

Bicknell's  Village  Builder  and  Supplement   io  00 

Bicknell's  Supplement  to  Village  Builder   4  00 

Bicknell's  Detail  Cottage  and  Constructive  Architecture   10  00 

Bicknell's  Cottage  and  Villa  Architecture   6  00 

Bicknell's  Street,  Store  and  Bank  Fronts    4  00 

Bicknell's  Public  Buildings   3  50 

Bicknell's  School  House  and  Church  Architecture    3  00 

Bicknell's  Stables,  Out  Buildings,  Fences,  etc   2  50 

Bicknell's  Specimen  Book  of  100  Architectural  Designs   1  00 

Builder's  Contracts   10 

Cameron's  Plasterer's  Manual   75 

Croff's  Progressive  American  Architecture   6  00 


Cumming's  Architectural  Details   $6  00 

Gould's  Carpenter's  and  Builder's  Assistant  (New  Ed.)   3  00 

Gould's  American  Stair  Builder's  Guide   3  00 

Guillaume's  Interior  Architecture   3  00 

Hussey's  Home  Building   ]  00 

Mitchell's  Stepping  Stone  to  Architecture   60 

Palliser's  American  Cottage  Homes   5  00 

Palliser's  Model  Homes    1  00 

Palliser's  Builder's  Specifications   75 

Powell's  Foundations  and  Foundation  Walls   1  50 

Wither's  Church  Architecture   15  00 

Woollett's  Villas  and  Cottages,  or  Homes  for  All   3  00 

Woollett's  Old  Homes  Made  New   1  50 

Wooden  and  Brick  Buildings.    4to,  2  volumes,  each   9  00 


Illustrated  Catalogue  mailed  to  any  address  on  receipt  of  Three  3c.  Stamps. 


BICKNELL  &  COMSTOCE,  Publishers,  27  Warren  St.,  New  York. 


COPPER  WEATHER  VANES, 

Manufactured  by  CHARLES  C.  BRIGGS,  {Successor  to  V.  W.  Baldwin),  213  Pearl  Street,  Neir  York. 


BANNERETTS  of  all  descriptions  made  to  order.  COPPER  EAG-LES.  FINIAL  AND  VANE. 


Vanes  of  all  descriptions  on  hand 

and  made  to  order. 
Send   for   Illustrated  Catalogue 


New  Design  for  Housework.  Made 
of  Copper  and  gilded  with  Gold. 
Any  design  of  this  kind  made 


withpnees.  FINIALS  OF  ALL  KINDS  MADE  TO  ORDER.  application 


FIRE  OJST  THE  KEABTtt! 


THREE  THINGS  IN  ONE  APPARATUS. 

OPEN  FIRE,  CLOSE  STOVE,  &  WARM  AIR  FURNACE. 

VENTILATION  of  a  Fire-Place, 

CIRCULATION  of  a  Furnace, 

RESERVE  POWER  of  a  Close  Stove. 


IT— 


Lgg^^  Burm  equally  well,  Hard  or  toft  Coal,  Coke  or  Wood 

PURE  AIR  AND  AN  EVEN  TEMPERATURE  THROUGHOUT. 

Heats  Upper  Rooms  at  same  time  if  Required. 


MEDALS  AWARDED, 
PARIS  EXPOSITION,  1878.     U.  S.  CENTENNIAL,  1876. 
AND  MANY  LOCAL  SOCIETIES. 


Our  Fire-Place  Heater  may  be  adapted  to  Warm 
and  Ventilate  Single  Rooms  or  Suites. 


F.  O.  H.  Heater  in  position. 


— , 

Sectional  View  Fire-Place  Heater,    tical  authorities 


Send  for  Descriptive  Catalogue  and  Testimonial  Circular,  con- 
taining reports  from  actual  experience  by  many  scientific  and  prac- 


Sectional  View  of  Stove.  Chimney  Diagram  for  Heater 


OPBIT  STOVES  V&$tTXZ*&?Z$tG  CO*?  7$  &e$3$m&&  tf$w 


©lis 

ABSOLUTE  SAFETY  FROM  EXPLOSION. 


SAD  IRON  HEATER. 


STOVE. 


DOUBLE  CASING  OVEN. 

Combined  with  other  improvements,  makes  the  Windsor  the  only  Oil  Stove  that  any  one  valuing  safety  and  comfort  will  buy.  Impossibility  of  explosion,  which  i:  the 
desideratum  in  an  Oil  Stove,  is  secured  in  the  Windsor,  by  the  application  of  a  principle  In  natural  philosophy,  known  for  ages,  but  now  first  applied  to  an  Od  Stove. 

It  is  an  established  fact,  that  kerosene  explosions  are  caused  by  the  communication  of  fire  to  a  body  of  explosive  vapor,  made  up  of  the  vapor  of  od  and  atmospheric 
air  ■  and  if  no  such  body  of  vapor  exists,  no  explosion  can  occur.'  Now  the  patentee  of  the  Windsor  Stove  has  applied  the  principle  of  the  hydrostatic  column  to  his  Oil 
Stove,  and  explosion  becomes  impossible,  because  as  fast  as  oil  is  consumed,  water  passes  down  into  the  Oil  Fount,  underneath  the  oil,  and  the  Fount  is  kept  solid  full,  so 
that  no  space  is  left  for  explosive  vapor  to  collect  in.  Another  advantage  also  results  from  this  construction.  The  oil  is  always  at  the  same  level  in  the  Wick  Tubes,  thus 
insuring  a  steady  and  uniform  flame,  and  permitting  the  use  of  long  wick  tubes,  which  carries  the  flame  so  high  above  the  oil  reservoir  that  the  contents  of  the  latter  can 
never  become  heated.    The  most  that  can  be  said  of  other  stoves  is,  they  MAY  NOT  explode.    The  least  that  can  be  said  of  the  Windsor  is,  it  CANNOT  explode. 

A  Full  Lamp  Cannot  Explode,  and  this  is  always  a  Full  Lamp.   Perfect  Combustion.   Free  from  Smoke  or  Smell. 

It  is  suitable  for  families  of  four  to  six  persons,  as  with  it  you  can  boil,  bake,  broil,  iron,  and,  in  fact,  do  all  that  is  required  of  a  cook  stove,  and  at  a  cost  of  less 
than  one  cent  per  hour. 

Illustrated  Price  List  forwarded  to  any  address  on  application  to  the  Manufacturers, 

W.  A.  HULL  &  BUO.,  No.  12  Murray  Street,  New  York. 


ENCAUSTIC  AND  PAVING  TILES, 

For  Vestibules,  Halls,  Hearths,  Conservatories,  etc.,  in  Dwellings,  and  for  Churches,  Banks,  Stores,  etc., 

AS  LAID  BY  US  IN  THE 

CAPITOL  A.T  WASHING-TON. 


GLAZED  WALL  TILES,  HAND  PAINTED  &  PRINTED 

IN  BRILLIANT  COLORS  FOR  GRATES  AND  FIRE-PLACES 

AND  FOR  INSERTION  IN 

WAINSCOTING,  MANTELS,  DOOR-FRAMES,  FURNITURE,  Etc. 

Both  kinds  of  Tiles  are  used  in  Panels  of  Brick  and  Stone  for  Exterior  Decoration. 


Garnkirk  Chimney  Tops,  Glazed  Stone  Ware  Drain  Pipes,  Vases  for  Lawns  and  Gardens, 

PLUMBERS'  MATERIALS  AND  FIXTURES  OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION,  READY  FOR  USE. 

FOR  SALE  B"y 

MILLER  &  COATES,  279  Pearl  St.,  New  York. 


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